jyjANUFACTURERS and
Business Firms are requested to send us copies of all Catalogues as soon as issued. These will be mentioned in the columns devoted to such information and then placed in our permanent file.
Please address,
Catalogue File Dept.,
THE
AMERICAN ARCHITECT,
TIMES BUILDING, NEW YORK.
The
INTERNATIONAL STUDIO
The heading Art
Magazine
50c. a copy. $5.00 a year
Send 25c. for Sample Copy.
Architects find the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO
invaluable for reference and suggestion. Architects keep the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO
on file in their offices. Architects prize the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO For the frequent articles on Exterior and
Interior Decoration. For the attention given the latest plans and
buildings. For views and descriptions in particular of
Country Residences. For the latest work in Wrought Iron, Leaded Glass, Stained Glass, Wood Work, etc.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO
John Lane Company
The Bodley Head, - = 67 Fifth Avenue, New York
stones in the stream bed. Finally a septictank system was adopted for overcoming the annoyance of the older method of disposal and an account of the plant and of its operation was recently given in a paper read before the Indiana Engineers’ Society by Prof. R. L. Sackett, of Richmond, Ind.
The sewage enters the septic-tank house through a goose-neck and is discharged into a grit-chamber through which it flows into the septic-tank proper. Here it stands at a depth of 6 to 8 feet, and for a period which seems to secure the best action of the bacteria. The structure, which is .67 feet long, 20 feet wide and 10 feet high, is built of Portland-cement concrete. In order to render the walls waterproof a coat of cement mortar-was troweled over the interior surface exposed to the water. Various valves are provided, by which the chambers are cleaned and the sludge discharged on the ground for irrigation purposes.
From the tank the sewage is led into a so-called dosing-chamber, which contains apparatus manufactured by W. S. Shields, Chicago, to discharge a quantity of the sewage automatically through sewer-pipe lines to four filter-beds. Each of these is 100 feet square. To each bed there are three cypress troughs with side openings, which distribute the sewage over the bed. The sewage as it goes on the beds shows only a slight milkiness in color, and the solids are not visible to the naked eye, except on close examination. The ground was graded to proper form, and a grillage of farm tile was laid, leading to a 12-inch trunk, which discharges into the creek about 150 feet distant. On the tile a layer of coarse gravel was placed, obtained by
screening a portion of the top material. Three feet of bank gravel, practically unscreened but very uniform in quality, completed the filters. A concrete wall surrounds the whole, and gravel walks divide the area into four equal beds.
Bacterial analyses show over 1,000,000 bacteria per cubic centimetre in raw sewage, 40,000 in effluent from the septic tank, and about 20,000 in liquid after filtration. No plant life formerly grew either near the outlet or at any point of the stream below, which would indicate the presence of sewage. When 5 degrees F. below zero the temperature of the sewage thawed the frozen ground slowly, and at no time was the operation interfered with by freezing, even when the temperature was 20 degrees below zero.
Besides the method of purification above outlined, a plan for land treatment of sewage was also devised and constructed. It was not intended that sewage irrigation would replace or supplement the septic tank except as it might be profitable to fertilize a garden tract of about 20 acres near the plant. The topography is such that the sludge in the septic tank can be flushed out through a pipe-line onto the surface of a field in a diluted form, so that it will spread properly.—The Metal Worker.
Baltic Linseed Oil and Ironwork.— The painting of constructional ironwork has been the subject of much discussion, and large sums of money are expended in the painting and repainting of all those parts of any iron structure which are accessible; but all this is so much waste of energy and
cash, excepting so far as appearances are concerned. The all-devouring oyxgen can feed quite comfortably under a dozen coats of paint; and it is the parts which are not accessible that are in danger. These parts must be protected permanently, when the structure is first put up, and it is here that the great defect of our iron building operations is to be found. The joints are rarely protected efficiently when the ironwork is put together, and tons of subsequent paint will not remedy this defect. There is practically but one way to safeguard the small pieces of iron—the bolts and nuts and washers—while they are being used, and this is to dip them before using in hot linseed oil. Of course, they must first be bright and clean and free from any speck of rust, and this point is generally ignored. Then, again, even when the precaution of dipping in hot oil is taken, the quality of the oil is not sufficiently considered. As every one knows, expansion and contraction of every part of an iron structure is incessantly taking place, and hence the elasticity of the film of oil or paint is really the very first consideration. In actual practice it appears, however, to be the very last. There is only one species of linseed oil which possesses a high degree of elasticity when it has dried and become an oxidized film, and this is Baltic linseed oil. Every maker of oiled tarpaulins is aware of this, and will use no other kind of oil; but the bridge and girder maker—whose work is of far greater importance—remains unaware of it. The elasticity of a film of pure Baltic linseed oil is very great, and more permanent than any other practical covering for iron, and so long as it is maintained the dstructive
Business Firms are requested to send us copies of all Catalogues as soon as issued. These will be mentioned in the columns devoted to such information and then placed in our permanent file.
Please address,
Catalogue File Dept.,
THE
AMERICAN ARCHITECT,
TIMES BUILDING, NEW YORK.
The
INTERNATIONAL STUDIO
The heading Art
Magazine
50c. a copy. $5.00 a year
Send 25c. for Sample Copy.
Architects find the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO
invaluable for reference and suggestion. Architects keep the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO
on file in their offices. Architects prize the INTERNATIONAL STUDIO For the frequent articles on Exterior and
Interior Decoration. For the attention given the latest plans and
buildings. For views and descriptions in particular of
Country Residences. For the latest work in Wrought Iron, Leaded Glass, Stained Glass, Wood Work, etc.
SUBSCRIPTIONS TO
John Lane Company
The Bodley Head, - = 67 Fifth Avenue, New York
stones in the stream bed. Finally a septictank system was adopted for overcoming the annoyance of the older method of disposal and an account of the plant and of its operation was recently given in a paper read before the Indiana Engineers’ Society by Prof. R. L. Sackett, of Richmond, Ind.
The sewage enters the septic-tank house through a goose-neck and is discharged into a grit-chamber through which it flows into the septic-tank proper. Here it stands at a depth of 6 to 8 feet, and for a period which seems to secure the best action of the bacteria. The structure, which is .67 feet long, 20 feet wide and 10 feet high, is built of Portland-cement concrete. In order to render the walls waterproof a coat of cement mortar-was troweled over the interior surface exposed to the water. Various valves are provided, by which the chambers are cleaned and the sludge discharged on the ground for irrigation purposes.
From the tank the sewage is led into a so-called dosing-chamber, which contains apparatus manufactured by W. S. Shields, Chicago, to discharge a quantity of the sewage automatically through sewer-pipe lines to four filter-beds. Each of these is 100 feet square. To each bed there are three cypress troughs with side openings, which distribute the sewage over the bed. The sewage as it goes on the beds shows only a slight milkiness in color, and the solids are not visible to the naked eye, except on close examination. The ground was graded to proper form, and a grillage of farm tile was laid, leading to a 12-inch trunk, which discharges into the creek about 150 feet distant. On the tile a layer of coarse gravel was placed, obtained by
screening a portion of the top material. Three feet of bank gravel, practically unscreened but very uniform in quality, completed the filters. A concrete wall surrounds the whole, and gravel walks divide the area into four equal beds.
Bacterial analyses show over 1,000,000 bacteria per cubic centimetre in raw sewage, 40,000 in effluent from the septic tank, and about 20,000 in liquid after filtration. No plant life formerly grew either near the outlet or at any point of the stream below, which would indicate the presence of sewage. When 5 degrees F. below zero the temperature of the sewage thawed the frozen ground slowly, and at no time was the operation interfered with by freezing, even when the temperature was 20 degrees below zero.
Besides the method of purification above outlined, a plan for land treatment of sewage was also devised and constructed. It was not intended that sewage irrigation would replace or supplement the septic tank except as it might be profitable to fertilize a garden tract of about 20 acres near the plant. The topography is such that the sludge in the septic tank can be flushed out through a pipe-line onto the surface of a field in a diluted form, so that it will spread properly.—The Metal Worker.
Baltic Linseed Oil and Ironwork.— The painting of constructional ironwork has been the subject of much discussion, and large sums of money are expended in the painting and repainting of all those parts of any iron structure which are accessible; but all this is so much waste of energy and
cash, excepting so far as appearances are concerned. The all-devouring oyxgen can feed quite comfortably under a dozen coats of paint; and it is the parts which are not accessible that are in danger. These parts must be protected permanently, when the structure is first put up, and it is here that the great defect of our iron building operations is to be found. The joints are rarely protected efficiently when the ironwork is put together, and tons of subsequent paint will not remedy this defect. There is practically but one way to safeguard the small pieces of iron—the bolts and nuts and washers—while they are being used, and this is to dip them before using in hot linseed oil. Of course, they must first be bright and clean and free from any speck of rust, and this point is generally ignored. Then, again, even when the precaution of dipping in hot oil is taken, the quality of the oil is not sufficiently considered. As every one knows, expansion and contraction of every part of an iron structure is incessantly taking place, and hence the elasticity of the film of oil or paint is really the very first consideration. In actual practice it appears, however, to be the very last. There is only one species of linseed oil which possesses a high degree of elasticity when it has dried and become an oxidized film, and this is Baltic linseed oil. Every maker of oiled tarpaulins is aware of this, and will use no other kind of oil; but the bridge and girder maker—whose work is of far greater importance—remains unaware of it. The elasticity of a film of pure Baltic linseed oil is very great, and more permanent than any other practical covering for iron, and so long as it is maintained the dstructive