be cited; it is falsely attributed to Marchionne, of Arezzo, whose name is engraved on a bas-relief of one of the doors. At Prato, the twelfth-century cathedral (Figure 6) is worthy of our study.
Before entering Rome, a few words should be said on the subject of mediaeval art in the island of Sardinia. It is a
remarkable fact that it has much in common with Tuscan art. Italian writers make the mistake of ignoring entirely the Sardinian art of the Middle Ages. Of the monuments termed nurhags, the remains of the most ancient civilization of the island, little or nothing is known as to their authors or the purpose which they served.
Sardinia was ruled, in the Middle Ages, by the Pisans and the Genoese, and constituted the apple of discord between the two republics.
I remember having been deeply impressed with the peculiarly Tuscan character.of the details of the right door of the Cathedral of Cagliari (Figure 7). Tuscan traces are likewise visible in the Cathedral of San Simplicio at Terranova (twelfth
century), in San Michele of Salvennero, near Ploaghe (twelfth century), and in the abbey-church of Saccargia, near Condrongianos, which was completed in 1116.
The Tuscan architecture of this period has also some points of contact with Apulian art. But the direct influence of Lombard architecture in Apulia is likewise remarkable. For examample, San Niccolo at Bari (eleventh century) recalls San
Ambrogio of Milan ; the Cathedral of Bitonto somewhat resembles in certain portions San Giovanni Fuoricivitas, at Pistoja. However, Apulia, which was ruled for more than two centuries by the Greeks, the Normans and the Saracens, succeeded in harmoniously fusing the national influences with the foreign in its architecture, and the constructive and decorative elements were thus combined with science and with an exquisite and original taste.
[To be continued.]
THE PRATT INSTITUTE, BROOKLYN. 1 I
T is generally recognized that manual training is an important and necessary adjunct to the education of schools, and that mind, eye and hand must be trained together to secure symmetrical development.
The Pratt Institute was established with the object of promoting manual^ and industrial education, and developing habits of industry and thrift.
The Institute is based upon an appreciation of the dignity, as well as the value, of intelligent handicraft and skilled labor. It endeavors to give opportunities for complete education; to establish a system of instruction whereby habits of thrift may be inculcated; to develop those qualities which produce a spirit of self-reliance, and to teach that personal character is of greater consequence than material productions. Its classes, workshops, library, reading-room and museum are designed with the best accommodation for these purposes.
The buildings are situated on Ryerson Street, and extend through to Grand Avenue, the principal entrance being on the former street. The main block is 100 feet by 86 feet, and six stories in height.
The Mechanic Arts Building, together with the extension to the main building, is 144 feet by 95 feet, the former being four and the latter five stories high. The Trade-school Building is one story high, and 103 feet by 95 feet. The construction is of brick, with dressing of stone and terra-cotta; the heating is by steam and the lighting by electricity.
The Institute is under the control of the Board of Trustees. The work is divided into departments, the heads of the various departments constituting the faculty, each member of which is directly responsible for the work of his department. In most of the departments, morning, afternoon and evening classes are held, and in all these the work is similar in nature, though in the evening classes the courses are of necessity abridged. Both sexes are admitted to the classes, and receive equal privileges.
The Technical High-school affords for both sexes opportunity for a three years’ course in education such as is given in an ordinary high-school, and combines with this systematic courses in drawing and various forms of manual work. A school in which manual work is a feature has advantage over others in that it gives students better opportunities for discovering any aptitude they may have for a particular avocation, and it provides not only for the development of literary taste, but also of mechanical and artistic ability.
The plan of the school-building comprises portions of the third and fourth floors of the Mechanic Arts block. On the third floor are four class-rooms, 34 feet by 19 feet; one class-room, 25 feet bv 14 feet; teachers’ rooms, 24 feet by 14 feet; cloak-rooms, 27 feet by 15 feet; electrical laboratory, 29 feet by 23 feet; lecture-room, 38 feet by 18 feet; mechanical drawing-room, 36 feet by 30 feet; phonography-room, 24 feet by 12 feet. On the fourth floor are : chemical laboratory, 60 feet by 19 feet; physical laboratory , 60 feet by 19 feet; physical lecture-room, 34 feet by 20 feet; apparatusroom, 24 feet by 12 feet; office-room, 14 feet by 9 feet. The manual work for boys is under the Department of Mechanic Arts, and is arranged in graded systematic courses as follows:
FIRST YEAR.
1 Being part of the series ‘ ‘ American Construction through English Eyes by a
late holder of the Godwin Bursary, Mr, A, A. Cox.
Fig. 6. Cathedral of Prato.
Fig. 7. Doorway of the Cathedral of Cagliari.
Before entering Rome, a few words should be said on the subject of mediaeval art in the island of Sardinia. It is a
remarkable fact that it has much in common with Tuscan art. Italian writers make the mistake of ignoring entirely the Sardinian art of the Middle Ages. Of the monuments termed nurhags, the remains of the most ancient civilization of the island, little or nothing is known as to their authors or the purpose which they served.
Sardinia was ruled, in the Middle Ages, by the Pisans and the Genoese, and constituted the apple of discord between the two republics.
I remember having been deeply impressed with the peculiarly Tuscan character.of the details of the right door of the Cathedral of Cagliari (Figure 7). Tuscan traces are likewise visible in the Cathedral of San Simplicio at Terranova (twelfth
century), in San Michele of Salvennero, near Ploaghe (twelfth century), and in the abbey-church of Saccargia, near Condrongianos, which was completed in 1116.
The Tuscan architecture of this period has also some points of contact with Apulian art. But the direct influence of Lombard architecture in Apulia is likewise remarkable. For examample, San Niccolo at Bari (eleventh century) recalls San
Ambrogio of Milan ; the Cathedral of Bitonto somewhat resembles in certain portions San Giovanni Fuoricivitas, at Pistoja. However, Apulia, which was ruled for more than two centuries by the Greeks, the Normans and the Saracens, succeeded in harmoniously fusing the national influences with the foreign in its architecture, and the constructive and decorative elements were thus combined with science and with an exquisite and original taste.
[To be continued.]
THE PRATT INSTITUTE, BROOKLYN. 1 I
T is generally recognized that manual training is an important and necessary adjunct to the education of schools, and that mind, eye and hand must be trained together to secure symmetrical development.
The Pratt Institute was established with the object of promoting manual^ and industrial education, and developing habits of industry and thrift.
The Institute is based upon an appreciation of the dignity, as well as the value, of intelligent handicraft and skilled labor. It endeavors to give opportunities for complete education; to establish a system of instruction whereby habits of thrift may be inculcated; to develop those qualities which produce a spirit of self-reliance, and to teach that personal character is of greater consequence than material productions. Its classes, workshops, library, reading-room and museum are designed with the best accommodation for these purposes.
The buildings are situated on Ryerson Street, and extend through to Grand Avenue, the principal entrance being on the former street. The main block is 100 feet by 86 feet, and six stories in height.
The Mechanic Arts Building, together with the extension to the main building, is 144 feet by 95 feet, the former being four and the latter five stories high. The Trade-school Building is one story high, and 103 feet by 95 feet. The construction is of brick, with dressing of stone and terra-cotta; the heating is by steam and the lighting by electricity.
The Institute is under the control of the Board of Trustees. The work is divided into departments, the heads of the various departments constituting the faculty, each member of which is directly responsible for the work of his department. In most of the departments, morning, afternoon and evening classes are held, and in all these the work is similar in nature, though in the evening classes the courses are of necessity abridged. Both sexes are admitted to the classes, and receive equal privileges.
The Technical High-school affords for both sexes opportunity for a three years’ course in education such as is given in an ordinary high-school, and combines with this systematic courses in drawing and various forms of manual work. A school in which manual work is a feature has advantage over others in that it gives students better opportunities for discovering any aptitude they may have for a particular avocation, and it provides not only for the development of literary taste, but also of mechanical and artistic ability.
The plan of the school-building comprises portions of the third and fourth floors of the Mechanic Arts block. On the third floor are four class-rooms, 34 feet by 19 feet; one class-room, 25 feet bv 14 feet; teachers’ rooms, 24 feet by 14 feet; cloak-rooms, 27 feet by 15 feet; electrical laboratory, 29 feet by 23 feet; lecture-room, 38 feet by 18 feet; mechanical drawing-room, 36 feet by 30 feet; phonography-room, 24 feet by 12 feet. On the fourth floor are : chemical laboratory, 60 feet by 19 feet; physical laboratory , 60 feet by 19 feet; physical lecture-room, 34 feet by 20 feet; apparatusroom, 24 feet by 12 feet; office-room, 14 feet by 9 feet. The manual work for boys is under the Department of Mechanic Arts, and is arranged in graded systematic courses as follows:
FIRST YEAR.
1 Being part of the series ‘ ‘ American Construction through English Eyes by a
late holder of the Godwin Bursary, Mr, A, A. Cox.
Fig. 6. Cathedral of Prato.
Fig. 7. Doorway of the Cathedral of Cagliari.