son Building, is announced by the withdrawing partner, R. Mildner, who has formed a partnership with Adolph Eisen, under the firm name of Mildner & Eisen, for the practice of architecture. The new firm has opened offices at 1017-1018 Hammond Building. Mr. Eisen was former ly for many years architectural draughtsman for Mueller & Mildner, but of late has been in the employ of Albert Kahn.
San Diego, Cal—Mr. J. B. Stannard, of the firm of Clements, Stannard & Blachmann, has severed his connection with the firm, although the formai papers of a dissolution of partnership may not be filed for a month yet. It is the intention of Mr. Stannard to open an office for himself in the city.
Cleveland, O.—A dass in architectural designing, modeled on the Parisian plan, is the latest educational feafure in the Central Y. M. C. A. Institute. The dass is known as the “Atelier,” and has twenty members, nearly ail architectural draughtsmen. Their instructors are patrons”— three well-known Cleveland architects, who received their technical training in the French capital. They are Abraham Garfield, Milton Dyer, and Charles Schneider.
Boston, Mass.—Mr. William F. Pope, a Boston sculptor, died at the Massachusetts Homœopathic Hospital, October 21, after a brief illness, of pneumonia. Mr. Pope was one of the most promising of the younger American sculptors, and although he took up his work in middle life, art critics recognized in it that painstaking quality and that originality of conception which amounts to genius. Mr. Pope, who was born in Fitchburg in 1865, as a young man was employed in the office of the Manufacturers’ Mutual Insurance Company of this city, but his dévotion to art led him to leave an excellent position and go to Paris, where he studied under Julian. One of his earlier Works, a bronze “Breton Fisherman Drawing His Nets,” received much attention and was honorably mentioned in the Paris Salon. He returned to America two years ago, and was recently in the compétition for a memorial to the late Mayor Collins. His latest work was on a portrait relief of Mary G. Baker Eddy.—Boston Transcript.
Athens, O.—Messrs. Anderson Brothers, architects, made an assignment October 23.
New York. N. Y.—Arthur Clifford Babson, one of the first men to import cernent into this country, died last week at his résidence, Stonycroft, on Ridgewood Road. South Orange. He had been ill for several months. Mr. Babson was a partner in the firm of Sinclair & Babson. He was born in Boston in 1848.
NOTES AND CLIPPINGS.
The Mégathérium and the Paris Métropolitain.—The first problem which the engineers of the Paris Metropolitan Railway had to deal with was that of the geological structure of the ground on which Paris is built. In this connection there is no doubt that they had a much easier task than the engineers of either New York or the London subterranean railway, and owing to the special nature of the strata through which the borings had to be made
they were able to décidé in favor of constructing the line at a relatively small distance from the surface. Paris is built on a plain, encircled by the heights of Passy, Montmartre, Belleville and Ménilmontant to the north and west, and of Montparnasse and the Montagne Ste. Geneviève to the south and east. The general character of the geological strata is sandy or chalky. Where sand is found it is generally fine and nearly always impregnated with water. The difficulties of construction in the case of sand, especially when tunneling in the neighborhood of houses, are great, but the chalk strata are in every way favorable to the engineer. It is interesting to note that when excavating at the angle of the Avenues Bosquet and Le Bourdonnais, at a stone’s throw from the Eiffel Tower, in a calcareous soil, the workmen came across fossil bones of the mégathérium. These antediluvian remains are now exhibited at the Paris Zoological Museum.—“C. I. B. in N. Y. Tribune.
Ptolemy’s Lighthouse.—The first lighthouse ever erected for the benefit of mariners is believed to hâve been built by the famous architect Sostratus, by command of Ptolemy Philadelphus, King of Egypt. It was built near Alexandria, on an island called Pharos. Ptolemy has been much commended by some ancient writers for his liberality in allowing the architect to inscribe his name instead of his own. The inscription read “Sostratus, son of Dexiphanes, to the protecting deities, for the use of seafaring people.” This tower was deemed one of the seven wonders of the world, and was thought of sufficient grandeur to immortalize the builder. It appears from Lucian, however. that Ptolemy does not deserve any praise for disinterestedness on this score, or Sostratus anv great praise for his honesty, as it is stated that the latter, to engross in after times the glorv of the structure, caused the inscription with his own name to be carved in the marble. which he afterwards covered with lime and thereupon put the king’s name. In process of time the lime decayed. and the inscription on the marble alone remained.—Dundee A dvertiser.
Gardens of Villa Borghese to be given up to Exhibition.—Every American who has visited Rome will be concerned to learn that the superb gardens of the Villa Borghese. which are celebrated throuehout the civilized world and are one of the glories of the Eternal Citv, are about to be eut up in order to furnish a site for the huge buildings of the International Institute of Agriculture. The government purehased the villa and the grounds from the bankrupt chief of the Borghese family four years ago at a relativelv nominal price, preventing his disposai thereof to foreign multi-millionaires. who were willing to pay for the villa and grounds sums that would hâve extricated the prince from all his financial embarrassments.
The State turned over the villa to the City of Rome, to be used as a park and muséum, reserving to itself the right to devote at any time that it saw fit a large part of the park to the construction of public institutions. It has now decided to make use of this stipulation to erect the
new Institute of Agriculture, and has chosen for the site thereof, not any outlying corner of the grounds, but some of the most beautiful portions of the gardens and park, which for more than three centuries hâve been one of the most attractive features of Rome. They date from Pope Paul Borghese, who built the villa and laid out the grounds, which from that time forth were thrown open at least three days a week to the people of Rome and to foreign visitors. The villa, a gern in itself, ail frescos, busts, statues and décorations, set in the midst of trees hundreds of years old, shaded avenues, moss-grown fountains and marble and bronze statuary, the tones of which are mellowed by âge, is unique, not only in Italy, but in Europe. The idea of destroying the beauty of these exquisite gardens by erecting a brand new exhibition building in the immédiate proximity of the villa seems little short of vandalism, and protests addressed to the Italian government and to the municipality of Rome are pouring in from ail parts of art-loving Europe.—Marquise de Fontenoy, in the New York Tribune.
Louvre Robbery.—Another theft was discovered in the Louvre, November 9, that of a leaden votive Græco-Phœnician figure of a woman, twelve centimètres in height, found in Spain. It is of more archæological interest than actual value.
Balmoral Castle Due to an English Miser.—John Camden Neild, whose magnificent bequest to Queen Victoria supplied the funds out of which the Prince Consort built the present Balmoral Castle, deserves a place among the great misers and was as remarkable a man as any of them. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was a barrister at Lincoln’? Inn. At the âge of thirty-four his fäther’s death placed him in possession of a fortune of £250,000, and from that moment he became a confirmed miser.—P. T. O.
The Destructive Force of Waves.—Instances of the power of waves, and descriptions of some attempts to measure or calculate it are given in La Nature by R. Bounin. Says this writer :
“The power of waves is . . . the sum of two efforts, one dvnamic and due to the orbital movement of the water particles, the other static, and dépendent on the height of the centre of gravity of the mass raised above its normal position. Theory and observation seem to show that the total power of waves is divided equally between these static and dynamic effects.
“If a body of water meets the wall of a structure, there is a shock, and this is most violent at the water surface, diminishing with the depth. . . . At the moment of meeting, jets of water rise sometimes to very great heights. . . . Thus at the old Eddystone lighthouse the waves sometimes rose to a height of seventy-five feet, overtopping the cupola that surmounted the lantern. At the jetty at Cherbourg breakers 115 feet high hâve been seen. . . . When these fall with accelerated speed they often. even in deep water, undermine the structure and cause it to fall. This is notably the case with sea-walls, . . . and it is also true of the piles of rock that serve as the foundations of jetties. There are also pro
San Diego, Cal—Mr. J. B. Stannard, of the firm of Clements, Stannard & Blachmann, has severed his connection with the firm, although the formai papers of a dissolution of partnership may not be filed for a month yet. It is the intention of Mr. Stannard to open an office for himself in the city.
Cleveland, O.—A dass in architectural designing, modeled on the Parisian plan, is the latest educational feafure in the Central Y. M. C. A. Institute. The dass is known as the “Atelier,” and has twenty members, nearly ail architectural draughtsmen. Their instructors are patrons”— three well-known Cleveland architects, who received their technical training in the French capital. They are Abraham Garfield, Milton Dyer, and Charles Schneider.
Boston, Mass.—Mr. William F. Pope, a Boston sculptor, died at the Massachusetts Homœopathic Hospital, October 21, after a brief illness, of pneumonia. Mr. Pope was one of the most promising of the younger American sculptors, and although he took up his work in middle life, art critics recognized in it that painstaking quality and that originality of conception which amounts to genius. Mr. Pope, who was born in Fitchburg in 1865, as a young man was employed in the office of the Manufacturers’ Mutual Insurance Company of this city, but his dévotion to art led him to leave an excellent position and go to Paris, where he studied under Julian. One of his earlier Works, a bronze “Breton Fisherman Drawing His Nets,” received much attention and was honorably mentioned in the Paris Salon. He returned to America two years ago, and was recently in the compétition for a memorial to the late Mayor Collins. His latest work was on a portrait relief of Mary G. Baker Eddy.—Boston Transcript.
Athens, O.—Messrs. Anderson Brothers, architects, made an assignment October 23.
New York. N. Y.—Arthur Clifford Babson, one of the first men to import cernent into this country, died last week at his résidence, Stonycroft, on Ridgewood Road. South Orange. He had been ill for several months. Mr. Babson was a partner in the firm of Sinclair & Babson. He was born in Boston in 1848.
NOTES AND CLIPPINGS.
The Mégathérium and the Paris Métropolitain.—The first problem which the engineers of the Paris Metropolitan Railway had to deal with was that of the geological structure of the ground on which Paris is built. In this connection there is no doubt that they had a much easier task than the engineers of either New York or the London subterranean railway, and owing to the special nature of the strata through which the borings had to be made
they were able to décidé in favor of constructing the line at a relatively small distance from the surface. Paris is built on a plain, encircled by the heights of Passy, Montmartre, Belleville and Ménilmontant to the north and west, and of Montparnasse and the Montagne Ste. Geneviève to the south and east. The general character of the geological strata is sandy or chalky. Where sand is found it is generally fine and nearly always impregnated with water. The difficulties of construction in the case of sand, especially when tunneling in the neighborhood of houses, are great, but the chalk strata are in every way favorable to the engineer. It is interesting to note that when excavating at the angle of the Avenues Bosquet and Le Bourdonnais, at a stone’s throw from the Eiffel Tower, in a calcareous soil, the workmen came across fossil bones of the mégathérium. These antediluvian remains are now exhibited at the Paris Zoological Museum.—“C. I. B. in N. Y. Tribune.
Ptolemy’s Lighthouse.—The first lighthouse ever erected for the benefit of mariners is believed to hâve been built by the famous architect Sostratus, by command of Ptolemy Philadelphus, King of Egypt. It was built near Alexandria, on an island called Pharos. Ptolemy has been much commended by some ancient writers for his liberality in allowing the architect to inscribe his name instead of his own. The inscription read “Sostratus, son of Dexiphanes, to the protecting deities, for the use of seafaring people.” This tower was deemed one of the seven wonders of the world, and was thought of sufficient grandeur to immortalize the builder. It appears from Lucian, however. that Ptolemy does not deserve any praise for disinterestedness on this score, or Sostratus anv great praise for his honesty, as it is stated that the latter, to engross in after times the glorv of the structure, caused the inscription with his own name to be carved in the marble. which he afterwards covered with lime and thereupon put the king’s name. In process of time the lime decayed. and the inscription on the marble alone remained.—Dundee A dvertiser.
Gardens of Villa Borghese to be given up to Exhibition.—Every American who has visited Rome will be concerned to learn that the superb gardens of the Villa Borghese. which are celebrated throuehout the civilized world and are one of the glories of the Eternal Citv, are about to be eut up in order to furnish a site for the huge buildings of the International Institute of Agriculture. The government purehased the villa and the grounds from the bankrupt chief of the Borghese family four years ago at a relativelv nominal price, preventing his disposai thereof to foreign multi-millionaires. who were willing to pay for the villa and grounds sums that would hâve extricated the prince from all his financial embarrassments.
The State turned over the villa to the City of Rome, to be used as a park and muséum, reserving to itself the right to devote at any time that it saw fit a large part of the park to the construction of public institutions. It has now decided to make use of this stipulation to erect the
new Institute of Agriculture, and has chosen for the site thereof, not any outlying corner of the grounds, but some of the most beautiful portions of the gardens and park, which for more than three centuries hâve been one of the most attractive features of Rome. They date from Pope Paul Borghese, who built the villa and laid out the grounds, which from that time forth were thrown open at least three days a week to the people of Rome and to foreign visitors. The villa, a gern in itself, ail frescos, busts, statues and décorations, set in the midst of trees hundreds of years old, shaded avenues, moss-grown fountains and marble and bronze statuary, the tones of which are mellowed by âge, is unique, not only in Italy, but in Europe. The idea of destroying the beauty of these exquisite gardens by erecting a brand new exhibition building in the immédiate proximity of the villa seems little short of vandalism, and protests addressed to the Italian government and to the municipality of Rome are pouring in from ail parts of art-loving Europe.—Marquise de Fontenoy, in the New York Tribune.
Louvre Robbery.—Another theft was discovered in the Louvre, November 9, that of a leaden votive Græco-Phœnician figure of a woman, twelve centimètres in height, found in Spain. It is of more archæological interest than actual value.
Balmoral Castle Due to an English Miser.—John Camden Neild, whose magnificent bequest to Queen Victoria supplied the funds out of which the Prince Consort built the present Balmoral Castle, deserves a place among the great misers and was as remarkable a man as any of them. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was a barrister at Lincoln’? Inn. At the âge of thirty-four his fäther’s death placed him in possession of a fortune of £250,000, and from that moment he became a confirmed miser.—P. T. O.
The Destructive Force of Waves.—Instances of the power of waves, and descriptions of some attempts to measure or calculate it are given in La Nature by R. Bounin. Says this writer :
“The power of waves is . . . the sum of two efforts, one dvnamic and due to the orbital movement of the water particles, the other static, and dépendent on the height of the centre of gravity of the mass raised above its normal position. Theory and observation seem to show that the total power of waves is divided equally between these static and dynamic effects.
“If a body of water meets the wall of a structure, there is a shock, and this is most violent at the water surface, diminishing with the depth. . . . At the moment of meeting, jets of water rise sometimes to very great heights. . . . Thus at the old Eddystone lighthouse the waves sometimes rose to a height of seventy-five feet, overtopping the cupola that surmounted the lantern. At the jetty at Cherbourg breakers 115 feet high hâve been seen. . . . When these fall with accelerated speed they often. even in deep water, undermine the structure and cause it to fall. This is notably the case with sea-walls, . . . and it is also true of the piles of rock that serve as the foundations of jetties. There are also pro